Para visualizar informações de hardware do PC e outras informações do sistema no terminal do Ubuntu, você precisa instalar o programa inxi, usando o gerenciador de pacotes, ou abrindo um terminal e executando o seguinte comando:

sudo apt-get install inxi

Em seguida, execute o comando abaixo para obter uma lista de opções de comando:

man inxi

Ou execute o comando abaixo para obter uma saída rápida:

inxi -F

Resultado:

fernando@dell-gamer:~$ inxi -F
System:    Host: dell-gamer Kernel: 5.8.0-50-generic x86_64 bits: 64 Desktop: Gnome 3.36.4 
           Distro: Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS (Focal Fossa) 
Machine:   Type: Laptop System: Dell product: Inspiron 15 7000 Gaming v: N/A serial: <superuser/root required> 
           Mobo: Dell model: 0P84C9 v: A01 serial: <superuser/root required> UEFI [Legacy]: Dell v: 1.12.1 date: 06/19/2020 
Battery:   ID-1: BAT0 charge: 59.8 Wh condition: 59.8/74.0 Wh (81%) 
CPU:       Topology: Quad Core model: Intel Core i7-7700HQ bits: 64 type: MT MCP L2 cache: 6144 KiB 
           Speed: 3400 MHz min/max: 800/3800 MHz Core speeds (MHz): 1: 3271 2: 2833 3: 2975 4: 3277 5: 2449 6: 3286 7: 2368 
           8: 3368 
Graphics:  Device-1: Intel HD Graphics 630 driver: i915 v: kernel 
           Device-2: NVIDIA GP107M [GeForce GTX 1050 Ti Mobile] driver: nouveau v: kernel 
           Display: x11 server: X.Org 1.20.9 driver: nouveau resolution: 1920x1080~60Hz 
           OpenGL: renderer: Mesa Intel HD Graphics 630 (KBL GT2) v: 4.6 Mesa 20.2.6 
Audio:     Device-1: Intel CM238 HD Audio driver: snd_hda_intel 
           Device-2: NVIDIA GP107GL High Definition Audio driver: snd_hda_intel 
           Sound Server: ALSA v: k5.8.0-50-generic 
Network:   Device-1: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet driver: r8169 
           IF: enp2s0 state: down mac: 8c:ec:4b:0f:53:ba 
           Device-2: Qualcomm Atheros QCA6174 802.11ac Wireless Network Adapter driver: ath10k_pci 
           IF: wlp3s0 state: up mac: 2c:6f:c9:65:eb:53 
           Device-3: Qualcomm Atheros type: USB driver: btusb 
Drives:    Local Storage: total: 1.03 TiB used: 143.80 GiB (13.7%) 
           ID-1: /dev/sda vendor: LITE-ON model: CV3-8D128-11 SATA 128GB size: 119.24 GiB 
           ID-2: /dev/sdb vendor: Western Digital model: WD10SPZX-75Z10T0 size: 931.51 GiB 
Partition: ID-1: / size: 116.38 GiB used: 11.57 GiB (9.9%) fs: ext4 dev: /dev/sda5 
Sensors:   System Temperatures: cpu: 70.0 C mobo: 41.0 C sodimm: 42.0 C gpu: nouveau temp: 46 C 
           Fan Speeds (RPM): cpu: 4087 
Info:      Processes: 332 Uptime: 2h 16m Memory: 15.30 GiB used: 6.08 GiB (39.7%) Shell: bash inxi: 3.0.38